The MMPI-2 offered a K-corrected option for the scales, but it is not empirically tested. An individual with a high K score is likely to have scales that are lower than they should be. K to gauge ‘defensiveness,’ or evasion of stressful content.This can show a variable response inconsistency or a true response inconsistency. F or ‘frequency’ shows any random response, exaggeration, or downplaying of symptoms.Some responses in this area are normal, but there is a limit that shows the profile is invalid due to trying to fake good. L for ‘Lie’ shows any attempt by the respondent to misrepresent themselves in a more positive light.? represents the number of questions completed incorrectly with either no attempt or both ‘true’ and ‘false’ selected.The first four content scales help the clinician determine the validity of the profile. The two categories include four content scales and 10 clinical scales. Originally there were four content scales, but this has been further broken down as the scales have been developed. The X-axis has two categories of different scales. However, many sources feel that the MMPI-3 hasn’t been tested thoroughly enough and do not use it consistently.Īfter questions are answered, the responses are plotted on a graph. It has been further updated to reflect current diverse values and norms. It has 335 questions and takes anywhere from 25 to 50 minutes to finish. The newest version, the MMPI-3 was released in 2020.A short version, the MMPI-A-RF, was released in 2016, has 241 questions and takes only about 25 to 45 minutes to finish. The MMPI-A has 478 questions and takes about one hour to complete. MMPI-Adolescent was adapted and released in 1992 for adolescents from 14 to 18 years old.It has 338 true/false items and is expected to take about 40 to 50 minutes to complete. The MMPI-2-Retracted Form was published in 2008 for use with adults and is a shorter version of the MMPI-2.It was updated to reflect more culturally diverse values as the 1942 version was outdated. It has 567 true/false questions and takes around 60 to 90 minutes to complete. The MMPI-2 is the standard adult version of the assessment and was released in 1989.The norm group included individuals previously diagnosed with certain disorders, allowing the researchers to base the test in practice rather than the theoretical models of other personality assessments. The MMPI-2 attempted to address the limitations of the demographic and it was normed with a sample group of around 2,600 people from across the United States that was more representative of the country’s demographics. The majority of the sampled group were young, white, and married. A primary problem quickly identified with this norm group was the highly limited demographic. The original MMPI was developed in 1939 at the University of Minnesota hospital and normed on patients and their visitors. ![]() ![]() The MMPI is an easily administered true/false test that only requires an 8th-grade reading level to understand. It provides a myriad of information from a clinical standpoint and is also used in screening some public service job applicants. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is one of the most common psychological tests administered.
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